KOC.STY Knowlede or Certainty? Barchak (1977) 38 sorts 36 items 11 piles 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 4 3 2 1 5.83333333333333 options entered 4:05 pm, 06-13-1998 last opened at 4:05 pm, 06-13-1998 item 01. All information is imperfect. (ce) item 02. Methodology can dehumanize people and turn them into numbers. (be) item 03. That which is unknown at present is not unknowable, but as yet undiscovered, anything can eventually be known in its entirety. (cd) item 04. Scientists have a more perfect road to knowledge than do philosophers. (ad) item 05. The results of proper scientific experiments speak for themselves. (bd) item 06. All information between human beings can be exchanged only within a play of tolerance, whether in literature, religion, politics, or science. (ce) item 07. The scientist strives to delineate man, not just sketch him. (ad) item 08. Science separates the world from our perception of it. (cd) item 09. Human error cannot be taken out of scientific observation. (be) item 10. The world shifts under our gaze, interacting with us, and the knowledge that it yields must be interpreted by us. (ce) item 11. The scientist who claims that absolute knowledge is attainable opens the door to tragedy. (ae) item 12. It is important that students bring a certain ragamuffin, barefoot irreverence to their studies. (ce) item 13. It may be said that a true scientist has an itch for absolute knowledge. (ad) item 14. Philosophers have a road to knowledge more perfect than that of observation. (bd) item 15. Although we devise ever more precise instruments, we are discomfited to see that our observations are still fuzzy and as uncertain as ever. (be) item 16. Scientific methodology, correctly employed, results in unimpeachable conclusions. (bd) item 17. Whenever instruments of sufficient precision are available, even the finest features of phenomena can be isolated and analyzed. (bd) item 18. Whatever fundamental units constitute the world, they will not long evade our most sensitive methods and instruments.(bd) item 19. Certainty is achieved through observation, never inference. (bd) item 20. Physical science has shown that it is the only avenue to knowledge. (cd) item 21. It cannot be expected that there will be a better estimate of a phenomenon than the average of several measurements. (be) item 22. Error is not inextricably bound up with the scientist's knowledge. (ad) item 23. Scientific knowledge is subjective knowledge for which the scientist must be held responsible. (ae) item 24. When scientists believe that they have absolute knowledge, they behave arrogantly and dogmatically . (ae) item 25. No event can be measured with certainty. (be) item 26. Scientific method is a tribute to what we can know although we are fallible. (be) item 27. An aim of the scientist is to give an exact picture of the material world. (ad) item 28. The scientist expects the world to be inexact. (ae) item 29. New ideas in science amount to different views of reality. (ce) item 30. The would-be scientist is not at a university to worship what is known but to question it. (ae) item 31. Every judgment in science is a product of the individual scientist and stands at the edge of error. (ae) item 32. Where people argue and contradict science cannot exist. (cd) item 33. The scientist completes his work by arriving at a mathematical formulation. (ad) item 34. Science progresses step by step by eliminating error. (cd) item 35. Judgment is built into acts of recognition. (ce) item 36. Only in science can we be certain that what we know is true. (cd) sort 1 [Edelstein, Alex ] = 7, 6, 5, 4, 6, 8, 9, 2, 7, 7,11, 7, 4, 3, 6, 1, 5, 4, 5, 3, 6, 5, 8,10, 8, 6, 4, 7, 8, 9, 6, 2, 5,10, 9, 3, sort 2 [Larsen, Otto N. ] = 9, 5, 6, 4, 5, 7, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 8, 3, 4, 7, 4, 6, 5, 3, 2,10, 8, 5, 7, 9, 8, 5, 7, 9,10, 4, 2, 3,11, 8, 1, sort 3 [Rubinstein, Eli A. ] = 11, 5, 1, 4, 4, 7, 8, 5,10, 6, 6, 5, 7, 5, 9, 3, 2, 2, 6, 3, 7, 3, 6, 7, 9,10, 6, 6, 7, 8, 8, 4, 4, 9, 8, 5, sort 4 [Werner, Anita ] = 5, 4, 6, 7, 5, 8, 8, 4, 9, 9, 8,10, 9, 3, 7, 4, 3, 1, 5, 4, 2, 8, 6,10, 5, 6, 6, 5, 7,11, 6, 2, 3, 7, 7, 6, sort 5 [Smith, Alfred G. ] = 11, 4, 5, 4, 3,10, 5, 6, 9, 9, 8, 7, 5, 2, 7, 2, 5, 4, 4, 3, 6, 6, 6, 9,10, 6, 3, 8, 7, 8, 7, 1, 5, 6, 8, 7, sort 6 [Rosengren, Karl Erik ] = 8, 3, 6, 7, 4, 8, 9, 2, 8, 8, 5, 7, 9, 1, 5, 5, 7, 5, 4, 3,10, 5, 2, 6, 7, 6, 9, 6, 6,11, 3, 4, 6,10, 7, 4, sort 7 [Berger, Arthur Asa ] = 10, 7, 5, 2, 5, 9, 8, 6, 6,11, 3, 8, 6, 3, 8, 4, 5, 5, 5, 1, 2, 4,10, 7, 7, 9, 3, 6, 8, 7, 9, 4, 6, 4, 7, 6, sort 8 [Barcus, F. E. ] = 4, 4, 3, 2, 5, 6, 8, 6, 7, 8, 6, 7,10, 2, 5, 3, 5, 1,10, 3, 8, 6, 8, 6, 6, 9, 7, 7, 7,11, 5, 4, 5, 9, 9, 4, sort 9 [Linn, Olga ] = 7, 9, 5, 2, 4, 6, 8, 3,10,11, 9, 7, 4, 4, 5, 5, 3, 6, 4, 2, 8, 7,10, 6, 5, 8, 5, 6, 6, 8, 9, 6, 1, 7, 7, 3, sort 10 [Pool, Ithiel de Sola ] = 11, 1, 6, 3, 6, 8, 7, 7, 9, 9, 5, 7, 3, 2, 6, 4, 6, 5, 4, 3, 4, 5, 7, 2,10, 8, 5, 9, 6, 6, 8, 5, 7, 8,10, 4, sort 11 [Himmelweit, Hilde ] = 8, 3, 8, 7, 4, 3, 8, 6, 9,10, 7, 6, 9, 5, 6, 2, 4, 3, 4, 4, 6, 2, 7,10, 9, 6, 5, 5, 7, 7, 8, 1, 5,11, 6, 5, sort 12 [Beinstein, Judith ] = 7, 5, 5, 5, 4, 8, 8, 3,10, 7, 6, 7, 6, 4, 7, 3, 6, 4, 6, 2, 6, 3, 4, 8,11, 6, 5, 9, 8, 9, 9, 1, 5, 7,10, 2, sort 13 [Pisarek, Walery ] = 4, 6,11, 7, 8, 6, 8, 4, 3, 7, 1, 4, 8, 3, 4, 8, 9,10, 5, 5, 5, 9, 6, 6, 3, 5,10, 5, 7, 6, 2, 2, 7, 9, 7, 6, sort 14 [Maletzke, Gerhard ] = 9, 7, 2, 4, 4,10, 6, 8, 9, 9, 8, 6, 5, 7,10, 4, 3, 5, 5, 2, 6, 7, 6,11, 1, 7, 5, 6, 8, 7, 8, 3, 4, 5, 6, 3, sort 15 [Nakajima, Iwao ] = 9, 5, 4, 6, 7, 9, 7, 8,10, 8, 6, 5, 8, 6, 7, 1, 5, 2, 2, 3, 3, 6, 4, 4, 4,11, 7, 6, 6,10, 7, 5, 5, 9, 8, 3, sort 16 [Sicinski, Andrzej ] = 9, 3, 5, 6, 6, 8, 6, 2,11, 8, 5, 4, 5, 4, 6, 7, 7, 3, 5, 2, 5, 7, 6, 4, 9,10,10, 6, 9, 8, 7, 3, 1, 7, 8, 4, sort 17 [Kato, Hidetoshi ] = 8, 5, 2, 3, 6, 8, 5, 7, 8,10, 9, 7, 5, 7, 8, 4, 6, 6, 1, 3, 5, 6, 4, 7,11, 9, 4, 5, 7, 9,10, 2, 4, 6, 6, 3, sort 18 [Lyle, Jack ] = 4, 7, 7, 7, 8,10, 6, 4, 8,11, 7, 6, 9, 1, 7, 4, 4, 5, 2, 3, 3, 9, 5, 8, 3,10, 5, 6, 6, 8, 6, 2, 5, 9, 6, 5, sort 19 [Lerg, Winfried B. ] = 6, 7, 5, 6, 6, 9, 6, 2, 9,11, 7, 7, 5, 6, 8, 3, 5, 3, 5, 4, 4, 3, 8, 7, 7, 8, 1, 2,10, 8, 9, 6, 4, 4,10, 5, sort 20 [Escarpit, Robert ] = 8, 5, 6, 7, 6, 6, 3, 3, 5, 9, 3, 6, 9, 5, 6, 4, 5, 5, 9, 4, 7, 6,11, 8, 7, 8, 4,10, 7, 7, 2, 1,10, 4, 8, 2, sort 21 [Rhl, Manfred ] = 11, 5, 5, 8, 2, 7, 7, 6,10, 7, 7, 6, 6, 4, 6, 3, 3, 6, 6, 3, 5, 5, 7, 1,10, 8, 4, 8, 9, 9, 8, 2, 4, 4, 9, 5, sort 22 [Tanaka, Yasumasa ] = 6, 1, 9, 2, 6, 8, 9, 4, 7, 8, 6, 2, 4, 6, 7, 3, 7, 7, 3, 3, 5, 6, 8, 6, 5, 9, 7, 4,11, 5,10, 5, 5,10, 8, 4, sort 23 [Goyer, Robert S. ] = 7, 8, 6, 6, 2,10, 9, 4, 7,10, 6, 5, 4, 6, 3, 5, 8, 4, 7, 2, 8, 3, 5, 5, 7,11, 5, 9, 7, 9, 6, 1, 4, 6, 8, 3, sort 24 [Uno, Yoshiyasu ] = 3, 5, 7, 8, 5, 6, 6, 5,10, 8, 8, 6, 9, 4, 8, 7, 5, 6, 3, 2, 3, 7, 1, 4, 6,11, 4, 5,10, 7, 4, 2, 7, 9, 9, 6, sort 25 [Mestrovic, Matko ] = 8, 3, 7, 3, 8, 8, 7, 6, 5, 9, 5, 1, 4, 4, 5, 4, 6, 6, 5, 2, 7,10, 6, 4, 5,10, 8, 7, 7, 9, 3, 2, 6,11, 9, 6, sort 26 [Kubin, Jerzy ] = 7, 1, 7, 8, 9, 9, 8, 9, 3, 7, 7, 6, 3, 2, 7, 4, 5, 2, 8, 3, 4, 8, 5, 6, 4, 6,10, 5, 6,11, 5, 6, 5,10, 6, 4, sort 27 [Campeanu, Pavel ] = 10, 8, 8, 5, 3, 8, 6, 4, 4, 6, 7, 9, 5, 5, 2, 4, 5, 6, 1, 3, 4, 8,10, 7, 9, 7, 9, 6, 5, 7, 3, 2, 6, 7, 6,11, sort 28 [McQuail, Denis ] = 7, 6, 4, 3, 3, 8, 5, 5,10, 9, 6, 6, 5, 6, 8, 1, 4, 5, 7, 4, 3, 2, 6, 9,11, 7, 8, 6, 8, 7, 7, 4, 2, 9,10, 5, sort 29 [Barbic, Ana ] = 7, 5,11, 2, 8,10, 8, 7, 4, 7, 6, 6, 1, 2, 9, 5, 4, 9, 3, 3, 5, 6, 7, 6, 5, 8, 7, 3, 5,10, 6, 4, 4, 8, 9, 6, sort 30 [Singh, Kusum ] = 6, 8, 5, 4, 4,11, 8, 2, 8, 6, 9,10, 7, 3, 6, 5, 5, 4, 5, 1, 9, 4, 6, 7, 9, 7, 5, 6, 8,10, 6, 3, 3, 7, 7, 2, sort 31 [Brown, Roger ] = 5, 9,11,10, 4, 6, 7, 8, 5, 8, 7, 7, 6, 3, 8, 2, 3, 4, 3, 4, 6, 9, 1, 9, 6,10, 4, 6, 6, 8, 5, 5, 7, 5, 7, 2, sort 32 [Dajani, Nabil H. ] = 6, 3, 9, 2,10, 7, 7, 5, 9, 8, 4, 6, 6, 3, 5, 4, 4, 5, 6, 1, 8, 7, 7, 5, 8,10, 5, 6, 7,11, 9, 2, 3, 8, 6, 4, sort 33 [Berlo, David ] = 11, 7, 3, 4, 6, 9, 6, 5, 9, 9, 5, 1, 7, 4, 4, 2, 7, 5, 6, 4, 8, 2, 6, 5,10, 8, 3, 7, 8, 8, 7, 3, 6, 6,10, 5, sort 34 [Koning, Thomas L. de ] = 7, 7, 5, 7, 7,10, 8, 2, 6,11, 5, 9, 8, 5, 3, 6, 6, 4, 3, 1, 5, 7, 4, 4, 6, 8, 6, 6,10, 9, 4, 3, 2, 8, 9, 5, sort 35 [Lazarsfeld, Paul F. ] = 8, 3, 8,10, 2, 6, 7, 3,10, 9, 6, 6, 6, 1, 4, 2, 5, 7, 6, 3, 8, 5, 4, 4, 5, 9, 7, 6, 8, 7,11, 5, 5, 7, 9, 4, sort 36 [Cherry, Colin ] = 10, 5, 5, 3, 5,11, 7, 9, 8,10, 6, 7, 6, 7, 4, 3, 5, 4, 3, 1, 6, 7, 6, 6, 8, 6, 4, 7, 8, 8, 5, 2, 4, 9, 9, 2, sort 37 [Noelle-Neumann, Elisabeth] = 7, 5,10, 3, 5, 6, 7, 6, 8, 6, 1, 5, 6, 3, 9, 4, 6, 7,11, 4, 6, 7, 4,10, 9, 8, 4, 8, 9, 5, 5, 2, 2, 8, 7, 3, sort 38 [Stephenson, William 1975 ] = 9, 7, 4, 6, 5,11, 7, 2, 8, 7,10, 8, 7, 1, 8, 4, 5, 5, 6, 2, 8, 3, 3, 5, 7,10, 4, 9, 3, 6, 9, 4, 6, 6, 6, 5, {END}